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The ''Intelligenzaktion Pommern''〔〔Tadeusz Bujnicki, Anna Skoczek (2006), ''Literatura współczesna: (1939-1956)'', page 106.〕〔Stefan Sutkowski (2001), ''The history of music in Poland: The Contemporary Era. 1939–1974''. Vol. 7, page 37: ( "...some 183 professors of the Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Mining and Foundry in Cracow were arrested, with similar actions undertaken in Pomerania and Silesia (known as the Intelligenzaktion Pommern und Schlesien)" ) (Google Books).〕 was a Nazi German operation aimed at the eradication of the Polish intelligentsia in Pomeranian Voivodeship and the surrounding areas at the beginning of World War II. It was part of a larger genocidal ''Intelligenzaktion'',〔 that took place across most of Nazi-occupied western Poland in the course of Operation Tannenberg (''Unternehmen Tannenberg''), purposed to install Nazi officials from Sipo, Kripo, Gestapo and SD at the helm of a new administrative machine.〔 On the direct orders of Adolf Hitler carried out by Reinhard Heydrich's bureau of ''Referat Tannenberg'' along with Heinrich Himmler's ''SS''-RSHA (Main Security Office), Poles from among intelligentsia and elites were rounded up,〔 and executed without any due process by the ''SS-Einsatzgruppen'' in dozens of remote locations such as the forest massacres in Piaśnica and the cavernous Valley of Death. Starting right after the invasion in September 1939,〔 with a second wave in the spring of 1940, these actions were an early measure of the German ''Generalplan Ost'' colonization.〔Prof. Dietrich Eichholtz (2004), ( »Generalplan Ost« zur Versklavung osteuropäischer Völker. ) PDF file, direct download 74.5 KB.〕 == Background == After the Nazi invasion of Poland, the ethnically Polish and Kashubian population of Polish Pomerania was immediately subjected to brutal terror.〔Jerzy Lukowski, Hubert Zawadzki, A concise history of Poland, ''Cambridge concise histories, Concise Histories Series'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, pg. 228, ()〕 Poles were seen by German state during the war as subhuman. Prisoners of war,〔Jochen Böhler, "Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu w Polsce" (Warcrimes of Wehrmacht in Poland), Wydawnictwo Znak, Kraków, 2009, pg 183–192〕 as well as many Polish intellectuals and community leaders were murdered. Many of the crimes were carried out, with official approval, by the so-called Einsatzkommando 16 and "Selbstschutz", or paramilitary organizations of ethnic Germans with previously Polish citizenship. They in turn were encouraged to participate in the violence and pogroms by the local Gauleiter Albert Forster,〔Dieter Schenk, ''Hitlers Mann in Danzig Gauleiter Forster und die NS-Verbrechen in Danzig-Westpreußen'', J. H. W. Dietz Nachf. Verlag, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-8012-5029-6, ISBN 978-3-8012-5029-4 – Polish translation Dieter Schenk "Albert Forster gdański namiestnik Hitlera. Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w Gdańsku i Prusach Zachodnich" Gdańsk 2002 ISBN 978-83-86181-83-4〕 who in a speech at the Prusinski Hotel in Wejherowo agitated ethnic Germans to attack Poles by saying "We have to eliminate the lice ridden Poles, starting with those in the cradle... in your hands I give the fate of the Poles, you can do with them what you want". The crowd gathered before the hotel chanted "Kill the Polish dogs!" and "Death to the Poles".〔Elżbieta Grot, "Ludobójstwo w Piaśnicy z uwzględnieniem losów mieszkańców powiatu wejherowskiego." (Genocide in Piaśnica with a discussion of the fate of the inhabitants of Wejherow county", Public Library of Wejherowo,()〕 The Selbstschutz participated in the early massacres as Piaśnica, and many of their members later joined police and SS formations which continued the massacres until the Fall of 1940.〔 Organized action aimed at exterminating the Polish population of the region, however, began only after the end of the September campaign, with the Intelligenzaktion Pommern, a part of an overall Intelligenzaktion by Nazi Germany aimed at liquidating the Polish elite. Its main targets were the Polish intelligentsia, which was blamed by the Nazis for pro-Polish policies in the Polish corridor during the interwar period. Educated Poles were also perceived by the Nazis as the main obstacle to the planned complete Germanization of the region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intelligenzaktion Pommern」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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